http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7008 2020-06-27T03:10:40Z http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14422 Título: Funcionalidades dos RNA não codificantes (ncRNA) e pequenos RNA reguladores, nos mamíferos Autor: Dias Correia, José Henrique Rocha; Dias Correia, António Agostinho Resumo: Os ácidos ribonucleicos não codificadores de proteínas (ncRNA) são um importante conjunto de RNA dentro da totalidade dos transcritos existentes nas células animais. Os ncRNA contêm nas suas moléculas informações variadas que lhes permitem ter diversas funções. Nos ncRNA há que considerar diversos tipos , mas para o seu funcionamento há que atender aos aspectos subjacentes ao emparelhamento entre moléculas. O fenómeno do RNA de interferência (RNAi) desencadeado pelos ncRNA (mi/siRNA) revelou que a estabilidade e tradução dos RNA mensageiros (mRNA) e a estrutura da cromatina podem ser reguladas por esses ncRNA nos animais. A biogénese, mecanismos de acção (cisão ou repressão da tradução), tal como a distinção entre miRNA e siRNA vão sendo descobertas correlativamente com a respectiva identificação e especificidade celular. A presença de miRNA específicos no tecido muscular está bem assinalada tal como a sua possível regulação em hipertrofias musculares notáveis em ovinos (Texel). As potencialidades do conhecimento aprofundado dos fenómenos de RNAi e a construção de miRNA exógenos específicos e sua introdução em células, tecidos ou órgãos, antevêm diversas hipóteses biotecnológicas, terapêuticas, produtivas ou preventivas, acauteladas que estejam as muitas implicações envolvidas.; ABSTRACT - RNA non-coding proteins (nc RNA) are important component of all transcripts in animal cells. Nc RNA molecules contain different information to allow various display. Nc RNA include many types, but for your functionality is required complementarity between molecules. Interference RNA (RNA i) breaking out by nc RNAA (mi/si RNA) disclose that mRNA stability and translation and chromatine structure can be regulated by ncRNA in animals. Biogenesis, action mechanism (slicing or translation repression) like differences bet ween miRNA and siRNA go discovered as own identification and specificity. Specific miRNA in muscular tissue stay remarkabled like your regulation who affects muscularity in sheep (Texel). The RNAi enlarge knowledge and construction of miRNA exogenous specifics, like your cells, tissues or organs introduction foresee varied possibilities biotechnological, terapeutics, produtives or preventive, since that implications envolved was prevent. Descrição: CIISA, Departamento de Morfologia e Função, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa 2007-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14421 Título: Alguns aspectos funcionais do epigenoma, genoma e transcriptoma nos animais Autor: Dias Correia, José Henrique Rocha; Dias Correia, António Agostinho Resumo: O estudo epigenetico das mudanças na expressão dos genes que são hereditárias e que não envolvem uma mutação, deu novas perspectivas aos fenómenos da hereditariedade. Os mecanismos epigeneticos tais como a metilação ou as modificações covalentes das histonas e os RNA de interferência estão envolvidos em toda esta problemática. Neste âmbito os diferentes estados de metilação das citosinas do DNA modelam uma série de processos biológicos. Por outro lado as alterações epigeneticas ocorridas inclusive desencadeadas pelo meio envolvente podem levar á transmissão hereditária dessas novas características. O conhecimento da sequencia total dos genomas de algumas espécies animais permitiu, através de diversas metodologias, averiguar a sua operacionalidade inclusive de uma e de outra cadeia do DNA e as suas nuances de transcrição consoante as células, tecidos, órgãos, factores envolventes, etc. Foi assim possível conhecer muito mais profundamente os transcriptomas correspondentes ao conjunto total de genes transcritos e começar a perceber as formas como podem ser regulados os diversíssimos genes codificadores de proteínas ou não codificadores de proteínas mas activos, condicionando e orquestrando todo o funcionamento da maquina biológica.; ABSTRACT - Epigenetics studies on changes in gene expression with heredity type and without mutation give new horizon to this subject. Epigenetics mechanism like methylation or covalent histone changes and RNA i are involved at this level. Different levels of methylation from cytosines DNA shaped several biological process. Epigenetics changes breaking out by surrounding can carry this new signals to lineage. The acknowledge of all genomic sequence from some animals allow with different methodologies, search your functionality inclusive from one or another DNA strand and transcription nuances according cells, tissues, organs, surrounding factors, etc. All that enlarge connection of all transcripts genes transcriptome and beginned to understand the coding genes regulation or non-coding genes regulation but actives, who determine whole biological operation. Descrição: CIISA, Departamento de Morfologia e Função, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa 2007-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12354 Título: Usefulness of clinical observations and blood chemistry values for predicting clinical outcomes in dairy goats with pregnancy toxaemia Autor: Lima, Miguel Saraiva; Silveira, Júlia M.; Carolino, Nuno; Lamas, Luis P.; Pascoal, Rita A.; Hjerpe, Charles A. Resumo: Background Pregnancy toxaemia (PT) is a disease that affects pregnant goats during their last month of gestation and is characterized by a high case fatality rate. This study involved 32 does maintained on a commercial dairy goat farm that were diagnosed with PT. A physical examination was performed on and haematology parameters obtained from each doe, at the time of diagnosis. The data from the 24 PT goats that died was compared with the corresponding data from the 8 PT goats that survived. Results Polypnea, swollen limbs, anorexia with absence of ruminal motility, recumbency, nervous signs and drooping ears were the most frequently observed clinical manifestations. Nineteen out of 21 recumbent goats died. Sixteen out of 17 goats with anorexia and absence of ruminal motility died. Mean beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) values in the goats that died were not significantly different from those in goats that survived. The blood values for pH and pCO2 (p < 0.005) as well as for HCO3 −, BE and K+ (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the goats that died than in those that survived. Conclusions The clinical signs most indicative of a poor prognosis are anorexia with absence of ruminal motility and recumbency. Among the blood parameters to be considered, hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis are the most relevant. Goats with PT have a high mortality and their condition can deteriorate very fast. Based on the authors’s experience, a good strategy to minimize the economic losses caused by PT is to focus on the offspring survival rate since an early decision (induction of kidding or caesarian surgery) can increase the number of alive kids. 2016-10-24T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7310 Título: Dynamics of notch pathway expression during mouse testis post-natal development and along the spermatogenic cycle Autor: Murta, Daniel; Batista, Marta; Silva, Elisabete; Trindade, Alexandre; Henrique, Domingos; Duarte, António; Lopes da Costa, Luís Resumo: The transcription and expression patterns of Notch pathway components (Notch 1–3, Delta1 and 4, Jagged1) and effectors (Hes1, Hes2, Hes5 and Nrarp) were evaluated (through RT-PCR and IHC) in the mouse testis at key moments of post-natal development, and along the adult spermatogenic cycle. Notch pathway components and effectors are transcribed in the testis and expressed in germ, Sertoli and Leydig cells, and each Notch component shows a specific cell-type and timewindow expression pattern. This expression at key testis developmental events prompt for a role of Notch signaling in prepubertal spermatogonia quiescence, onset of spermatogenesis, and regulation of the spermatogenic cycle. Descrição: Articles in International Journals 2013-08-28T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7295 Título: The use of oral recombinant feline interferon omega in two cats with type II diabetes mellitus and concurrent feline chronic gingivostomatitis syndrome Autor: Leal, Rodolfo O.; Gil, Solange; Brito, Maria T. V.; McGahie, David; Niza, Maria M. R. E.; Tavares, Luís Resumo: Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis Syndrome (FCGS) is a common disease in clinical practice. Among the therapeutic options available, long-acting corticosteroids are frequently used due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Although they may improve the clinical symptoms, they can lead to a progressive form of the disease that becomes refractory to treatment. Furthermore, their direct relationship with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is well known. Consequently, these drugs are controversial and not recommended for routine management of FCGS. Recombinant feline interferon-omega (rFeIFN-ω) is an immunomodulatory compound. Recently, its daily oral administration has been shown to be successful in treating refractory cases of FCGS. This case study describes two clinical cases of type II DM complicated by FCGS. Both animals were calicivirus positive and they had been previously treated with long-acting corticosteroids, which may have been the major cause of DM. The two cats were treated with glargine insulin (Lantus, starting dose 1 IU/cat twice daily (BID)), achieving remission 10 and 18 weeks later respectively. Considering the difficulty with control of FCGS in these animals, an oral daily dose of rFeIFN-ω was started as an alternative to long-acting corticosteroids. In both cats oral clinical signs gradually improved and 60 days after the start of therapy the owners reported a significant relief of pain during mastication. According to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report that describes the successful use of rFeIFN-ω in the management of FCGS in type II diabetic cats, in which long-acting corticosteroids are contraindicated. Descrição: Articles in International Journals 2013-10-23T00:00:00Z