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Programas de transferência condicionada de rendimento e a viragem à esquerda na América Latina
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Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Nas três últimas décadas, dois fenómenos emergiram e expandiram-se em ondas
na América Latina: os Programas de Transferência Condicionada de Rendimento
(PTCRs) e a chegada de governos de esquerda ao poder. Esse cenário situa-se em um
período histórico de recuperação económica da região, especialmente com o “boom das
commodities”, fornecendo os recursos e o espaço político necessários para se governar à
esquerda e promover políticas sociais. Este estudo trabalha com a hipótese de
investigação de que governos de orientação política à esquerda foram os que mais
criaram, apoiaram e expandiram esse tipo de política pública na América Latina no
período 2000-2020. Foram mapeados 32 PTCRs, implementados por 18 países da região,
bem como seus presidentes e orientações políticas. Para além do relato da evolução da
implementação dessas políticas, este trabalho procedeu a uma análise quantitativa a partir
de bases de dados do BID e da Cepal acerca dos momentos de inícios e encerramentos
desses programas, bem como a evolução da cobertura de beneficiários. As principais
conclusões apontam que a hipótese apenas se confirma de forma parcial e limitada. Em
suma, governos de esquerda foram os que atingiram maiores números em termos
absolutos no que concerne à criação e à expansão de PTCRs na região, mas os governos
de centro foram os que atingiram maiores índices de novos programas e aumento da
cobertura (em termos relativos) – com diferenças de resultados sutis entre governos de
esquerda e centro. Assim, concluímos que a adoção e a expansão de PTCRs na América
Latina nas duas últimas décadas deu-se independentemente da orientação política dos
governos. Foi, principalmente, uma aposta regional que atravessou ideologias, momentos
históricos e crises económicas para redistribuir rendimento nos últimos 20 anos a mais de
100 milhões de pessoas.
In the last three decades, two phenomena have emerged and expanded in waves in Latin America: Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs and the arrival of left-wing governments to power. This scenario is set in a historic period of economic recovery in the Region, especially with the “commodity boom”, providing the resources and political space needed to govern on the left and promote social policies. This study works with the research hypothesis that left-wing governments were the ones that most created, supported and expanded this type of public policy in Latin America in the period 2000- 2020. Thirthy-two CCTs were mapped, implemented by 18 countries in the Region, as well as their presidents and policy guidelines. In addition to reporting on the evolution of the implementation of these policies, this work carried out a quantitative analysis based on IDB and ECLAC databases about the beginning and end of these programs, as well as the evolution of the coverage of beneficiaries. The main conclusions indicate that the hypothesis is only partially and limitedly confirmed. In short, left-wing governments achieved the highest numbers in absolute terms regarding the creation and expansion of CCTs in the region, but centrist governments achieved the highest rates of new programs and increased coverage (in relative terms) – with subtle differences in outcomes between left-wing and centrist governments. Thus, we conclude that the adoption and expansion of CCTs among Latin American countries in the last two decades was largely independent of the political orientation of the governments considered. It was, above all, a regional stake that crossed ideologies, historical moments and economic crises to redistribute income over the last 20 years to more than 100 million people.
In the last three decades, two phenomena have emerged and expanded in waves in Latin America: Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs and the arrival of left-wing governments to power. This scenario is set in a historic period of economic recovery in the Region, especially with the “commodity boom”, providing the resources and political space needed to govern on the left and promote social policies. This study works with the research hypothesis that left-wing governments were the ones that most created, supported and expanded this type of public policy in Latin America in the period 2000- 2020. Thirthy-two CCTs were mapped, implemented by 18 countries in the Region, as well as their presidents and policy guidelines. In addition to reporting on the evolution of the implementation of these policies, this work carried out a quantitative analysis based on IDB and ECLAC databases about the beginning and end of these programs, as well as the evolution of the coverage of beneficiaries. The main conclusions indicate that the hypothesis is only partially and limitedly confirmed. In short, left-wing governments achieved the highest numbers in absolute terms regarding the creation and expansion of CCTs in the region, but centrist governments achieved the highest rates of new programs and increased coverage (in relative terms) – with subtle differences in outcomes between left-wing and centrist governments. Thus, we conclude that the adoption and expansion of CCTs among Latin American countries in the last two decades was largely independent of the political orientation of the governments considered. It was, above all, a regional stake that crossed ideologies, historical moments and economic crises to redistribute income over the last 20 years to more than 100 million people.
Descrição
Mestrado Bolonha em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
Palavras-chave
Transferência condicionada de rendimento transferência monetária América Latina governos de esquerda política pública Conditional cash transfer cash transfer Latin America left-wing governments public policy
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Franco, Marianna Rios (2022). “Programas de transferência condicionada de rendimento e a viragem à esquerda na América Latina”. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão